Synonyms: Cyclonaias pustulosa, Quadrula pustulosa, Amphinaias pustulosa, Quadrula houstonensis, Quadrula mortoni, Quadrula refulgens

Distribution: Found throughout the entire Mississippi River drainage, from New York and Pennsylvania west to the Dakotas and south to eastern Texas and Louisiana. Also occurs in the Tombigbee and Cahaba Rivers in Alabama. Common in rivers in eastern Oklahoma. Occurrences in Oklahoma include the Arkansas River system (Verdigris, Neosho, Spring, Illinois, Chikaskia, Poteau) and the Red River system (Cache Creek, Blue, Boggy, Kiamichi, Little, Glover, and Mountain Fork rivers). Also occurs in reservoirs such as Lake Texoma.

Life History and Ecology: Presumed Habitat generalist. Found in small to medium sized rivers including reservoirs. Usually found in mixed substrate typically composed of coarse gravel, sand, and silt. This species is a short-term brooder that uses a mucoid conglutinate to infect host fishes. Believed to primarily infect and metamorphose on catfishes, but sturgeon and white crappie are also reportedly suitable hosts. Equilibrium life history strategy.

Special Status: none

Shell Description: click here for shell description